5 Questions

1. What is animal cruelty?
Animal cruelty is when someone mistreats animals such as harming or not caring for the animal, for example if someone was to beat or starve a dog this would be animal cruelty, it is against the law to mistreat animals in such way which is why you would not see it much going on but behind back doors it does happen, even doing so to your own pets is illegal and this is also called animal abuse, and this is not accepted by the law or any other normal human.

2. Is there any evidence of a connection between animal cruelty and human violence?
Yes, it is evidence that children who use to mistreat or kill animals when they were younger seemed to cause the most violence such as the murders of other humans or such, this was discovered by the FBI when they look back into the past of serial killers, in most serial killers history you will find that they would abuse animals such as torture and kill and this is most likely where they gain their killer instinct.

3. Can reports be made anonymously?
Yes you can report animal abuse anonymously, if you have clear signs of animal cruelty/abuse going on please call 0300 1234 999 this is a RSPCA number they will ask you question about the source of abuse and ask you a series of questions to confirm the abuse and as much details as possible such as location of which you see the abuse happening, if possible also state the owners source of location, this will allow RSPCA to locate the individual and help the animal(s)

4. How many animals are victims of cruelty each year?
There is no way of telling exactly due to the numbers not being tracked and counted, but you hear about animal abuse everyday which is bad enough, and RSPCA assume they collect a report every 19 seconds due to animal cruelty 'The RSPCA now receives a report of animal cruelty every 19 seconds.' so within a hour 189 animals are reported to of been abused or mistreated which in a day makes 4536 animals mistreated and than we times that by 365 which gives us 1655640 animals a year are mistreated, this is not an exact number but an estimate which is given to us by RSPCA due to their 19 seconds of reports coming in.

5. What can I do to help fight animal cruelty?
To help fight against animal cruelty you can volunteer, donate, attend events and also raise money for a animals, all this can be done at the bottom of the page of http://www.humanesociety.org/action/?credit=web_id91402394 where you can click on your preferred option, this all helps with animals and to keep them safe and help mistreated animals live a better life than the one they have already been through, this is the best option of support as you cannot go round doing things by yourself

Rationale

Contraints Grid

Documentary Modes

Expository - Ken Burns' The Civil War (1990) Episode 8 Ken Burns Documentary

Realism - At 56:07 we hear from a expert who knows what was going on back than and has actual facts and points, by having an expert on the show it allows the audience to feel reassured that the person is speaking the truth and by speaking the truth it means it is real adding in the realism to the documentary, this also allows the audience to understand what happened back than while gaining information from the expert that maybe they didn't know before.

Dramatization - At 8:29 we can hear explosions and people shouting but we don't see any footage apart from a picture, with this picture we get a voice over telling us what is going on but by adding in the explosions and people in the back ground screaming and shouting it makes the audience feel more involved with what is actually going on as to them this could be real sounds they are hearing from the war.

Narration - At 0:09 you can hear a voice over telling the audience about a story, this helps the audience to understand what is going on and allow them to get information about the story by giving the audience visuals and voice overs, by doing this it allows the audience to gain much more information rather than if they did not use voice overs because with voice overs, the person who is doing the voice over can go into much more detail than just showing the audience pictures of what happened, the voice over can tell you how it all happened and what happened while explaining the pictures into further detail.

Observational - (Nat Geo Wild HD) Wild Botswana Lion Brotherhood BBC Wildlife Documentary

Realism - 5:53 you can see them in their natural habitat eating the animal they had just caught, there is no human interaction shown it is just showing them doing what they would naturally do allowing the audience to see these animals how they would normally act and not caged up in a zoo, by showing this to the audience it allows the realism because they cannot control what the animals do meaning it is not fake or set up it is all down to the what the animal do in their everyday life, this is what the audience wants to see and this creates the realism affect for the audience, realism is also shown through out them being out on location, you can clearly see that they are out on location by the wild life that is shown and no civilization to be seen, this tells the audience that they are actually out there in the wild getting real footage.

Dramatization -  At 23:43 we begin to hear some music, but at the same time it is sad music because what the voice over is telling us is that these lions are in danger due to their wounds making them seem weaker to other predators, this makes the audience having feelings towards the lions because they don't want to see them be hurt, and by adding the music it has a bigger impact on the audience because it creates meaning.

Narration - The narration in this documentary shows you how the Wild Botswana Lion live and how they go about doing their daily business while having a voice over telling us the details of what is going on while having visuals of the lions which can be shown at 17:43, by doing this it allows the audience to pick up more information about these Wild Botswana Lions which is the purpose of the documentary, to give as much detail about the subject as possible and by having voice overs telling us about what they are doing on screen it allows us to fully understand what is going on and also keeps the audience entertained.

Participatory - The Making of Ronaldo - Sky Sports HD 1080i (Full Story)

Realism - You can see the realism at 4:06 where the documentary maker is talking to one of Ronaldo's friends that he use to play with when he was younger, they ask his friend questions about Ronaldo and they go to the location where they use to play and his friend confirms that they use to play at this certain location, this allows the audience to gain information on Ronaldo's background and how he use to play football and how hard he worked to become the person he is today.

Dramatization - At 0:33 we get to see a montage of Ronaldos magical moments in football and by doing this it shows the audience how gifted and talented Ronaldo is, and by giving the audience a taster of what Ronaldo can do it makes the documentary even more exciting because they are talking about one of the worlds best footballers, the montage allows the makers to fit in Ronaldo's best moments to entertain the audience and make them want to watch more.

Narration - The story is about how Ronaldo was known round his neighborhood and how he stood out to everyone else and where he use to live and how he use to play and who he use to play for, we begin the story at 2:28 where a friend of Ronaldos family gives us a little more information about him as in how poor the area he lived in was and how people had problems where he lived, it shows the audience that Ronaldo grew up with struggles but now look at him, his known world wide and considered one of the best footballers in the world.

Reflexive - The Man with the movie camera (1929)

Realism - In this you actually see how they were recording which you can see at 9:09 so it allows the audience to see how they use to make there films when they had no special effects or good organisation as we do now, if they wanted to film a train coming towards the camera, they would have to wait for the train to come towards them meaning they have to lay down on the tracks risking their own lives to get these certain shots so in a way this realistically shows you how they made their films The Realism in this is that when the audience is watching they get to see how they make the films in the olden days, this is shown by them recording him, recording things for his film that he is making or whatever he is doing, also watching this you can see that some of the footage is shaky meaning it is hand held, this also helps create realism as you get to see what the camera man is seeing naturally due to it being hand held. This is good for the audience as it allows them to believe what they are watching is real and is not fake, this makes them even more interested as they want to know more about what is happening.
 back in the day.

Dramatization - Through out the whole video there is music, this makes the movie seem more interesting because all it is is a silent film, so having no sound but just visuals would make it seem really boring, so by adding in fast beat music for the audience to listen to, it makes it seem less boring such as at 24:31 it is a fast beat that is very loud that catches the audiences attention.

Narration - You get a story from this when they show you how the man with the camera went about getting all his clips, it shows how get got them and how he got the clips, this is interesting due to this being very back in the days you wouldn't expect them to have cameras as we would today so seeing how they use to operate cameras back in the day and how it was done is very interesting for the audience as they get to know more about the history of the camera, how it works and how they did it.

Performative - How Gay Is Pakistan
http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b06kjz32/how-gay-is-pakistan

Realism - At 2:05 we can see that the camera is hand held and there are people walking in the background doing their daily business and just by the look of everyone there you can see that they are actually there on location in Pakistan which tells the audience that this in no way is fake and is real as they are out there doing what they set out to do. Realism is also shown at 2:54 when the man slits the chickens neck, this shows the audience back home how they prepare food and how the execution of the food is done as well, they also blurred out the chickens neck getting slit because its too gory.

Dramatization - The music at 7:39 sounds like something eerie is going to happen and this makes the audience feel a little nervous about what is going to happen, this builds up the atmosphere and makes things even more intense and this makes the audience feel the documentary is more exciting, it would be dull if there was no build up music to what is going to happen, so with the music it makes things even more interesting and exciting.

Narration - At 4:04 he tells us that he has been invited to his first gay bar and his going to talk to the people who are hosting it, he is telling the audience what he is doing and what he plans on doing, this helps the audience understand perfectly what is going on, all the way throughout this documentary he tells us what he is doing and slowly revealing the question, how gay is Pakistan?

Factual TV Rules For Beginners

KKK - We looked at the Ku Klux Klan and saw how they run the clan and what they do inside the clan giving us more information that we most likely wouldn't know about them, we also get to see how they are raising the children in the clan, they are being taught from young to be racist and the parents are proud of this.

Is Britain Racist - In this documentary we get 3 people who go out around Britain trying to get reactions from different people on how they dress and look, for example a black man walking around in a location mostly populated by white people and than they come back and tell us how they felt about walking around in these areas and if they felt like they were under any pressure or felt somewhat out of place because of their race.

Reggie Yates: Race Riots USA - Is about a young black male getting shot and the reason for the riots is because it was a white officer who shot a young African american male and people believe this was due to the race of the Michael Brown (the young African american who was shot) this whole documentary is based on how they believe that the cops are against African Americans and not against other races.

We want our country back - This documentary is basically a group of British white people want to stop all these other non fully British people taking over Britain, they are trying to remove everyone who is not fully born here because they feel like this isn't the country the Christian ancestors brought up, any other religion is basically not wanted in this documentary because they do no follow the ways of Jesus Christ.

Accuracy - In the documentary we see a lot of accurate points, instead of us assuming what the KKK do and what theirs goals are we actually get to hear them say it, meaning we are getting accurate information from the main source, this lets the audience understand fully of what is going on by supplying them with actual facts such as at 3:34 the member speaking tells us about the ranks of the KKK and who and what they do, this allows the audience to understand more about how the KKK runs, and because it is a member of the KKK telling us about this, this is as accurate you can get because only they know what runs inside the clan, everyone on outside does not know how it runs apart from them being racist. At 5:49 we meet a recruiter who recruits new members to the KKK and what we find out is that they follow a book when recruiting the members, we hear this from the actual recruiter himself, he tells us that they learn everything from the book so that they feel 'naturalized' meaning they become a natural KKK member, again this is accurate information because it is coming from another member of the KKK where as its not coming from someone who is not in the clan, therefore the information is coming from a reliable source.

Balance -At 21:15 you assume the KKK are just racist because they were born like that, but at 21:15 you hear a member of the KKK telling a story of his own racist abuse where they would call him names, and he goes on to tell us how he feels about the whole racism fact, he goes onto say that if it was a teacher or police disciplining a black person it gets called automatically racist but if its a white person being disciplined than its not racist so from this little clip we also see the balance between the racism as it is not just the white people being racist, it is also showing black people being racist so their is a balance between the racism argument in this documentary but either way racism is not something to be proud of nor should it change the person who is a victim of it to turn racist themselves such as the member telling the story.

Impartiality - This documentary is show in a neutral way meaning that the documentary maker is not taking sides but listening to what is happening, this allows the audience to get their own thoughts on the subject without being pushed into believing something, they are not forcing the audience to hate the KKK but they are displaying it in a neutral way so that the audience can learn more about the KKK such as 20:11 where a KKK member is talking about how he doesn't want another war, it shows he is not violent but you wouldn't know this if the story wasn't neutral.

Objectivity & Subjectivity - The women in this documentary goes to get her brain scanned on about races, she sees who she prefers whites or blacks, after the test we find out that she is more scared of black people rather than white people meaning she leans more to the white side on preferring whites over blacks but and this is facts which you can see from the picture below, it shows how part of her brain reacts to the different races, but she than gives us her opinion which is she thinks everyone is equal, this is shown at 36:18, this allows the audience to see opinions and facts which is quite unique and interesting because we see the facts on how she reacts but we also see her reaction and her opinion on how sad she is about the results.

Opinion - At 13:11 we are shown the opinion of the only black male supporting the white cop, this shows the audience that its not just a white thing to defend the white person, you get to listen to the black male share his opinion on why he is here defending the white cop, he simply tells us that the cop was just doing his job as he says why would you support someone who robs a gas station, so he is stating his opinion with facts on why he is not supporting Mike Brown but supporting the cop instead. By showing us the opinion of the only black male supporting the white cop it allows the audience to know that its not just a white against black thing, it is just a general who you think is in the right and who is in the wrong situation, it shouldn't really have to do with race.

Bias - At 2:21 you could say this is biased because he is saying that you are 21x more likely to get shot by the police if you are black rather than white, the reason why this could be biased is because the person speaking himself is black and this could make the audience feel like the police are actually racist towards African Americans meaning the police will have a lot of hate as they are racist as they are only shooting the black people and not the white people.

Representation - At 8:07 we are shown the KKK burning crosses, just from the picture below they look like are willing to do anything for their clan and this makes them seem even more scarier because they will go out of their way to kill anyone who is not white, this allows the audience watching to get their own thoughts on what they think of the KKK which will most likely be negative as they are shown as they feel like they are the extreme race and are better than everyone else. With the KKK burning the crosses it shows them as disrespectful to the actual religions that believe in Jesus Christ which will offend them, they also shout out 'white power' this is a clear indication that leaves the audience to obviously understand that they think whites are superior to every other race, therefore making them racist, no body likes a racist therefore it makes the KKK look like disgusting vile people.

Access & Privacy - At 49:37 the documentary have been allowed to record what the people are doing but when they go up to the taxi drivers they have to blur out their faces because they did not agree to be on camera and this shows when they see the cameras they don't want to talk and have to move away, this creates a sense of realism because you are getting actual reactions from actual people rather than them having time to plan what they are going to say, this is more interesting for the audience because they are watching something that is really happening.

Contract With Viewer - In Super Size Me the show claims that he is eating 5,000 calories but with the help of mathematics, it proves that he runs short on that 5,000 calorie marker and he also gained cholesterol problems and suffered from depression after, when asked healthy college students to do the same thing which is eating 6,000 worth of calories of just from fast food, after the 30 days the college students reported with no cholesterol problems and nothing that the super size film showed, none of them experienced what Spurlock said he had, this therefore shows us that Spurlock had exaggerated his results resulting in the whole documentary to be a simple lie to the audience.

Good & Bad News Report

Good News Report - 
Studio News Readers Or Anchors - At 0:05 and on-wards you can see that Aisha isn't dressed in a dress or such that they would wear on a actual news channel but at the same time she is not wearing clothing where you would think that ' she looks sketchy i don't believe what she is saying' but dressing appropriately (smart) will make the audience believe you more in what you are saying because if you look professional it makes you seem more believable and also makes yourself look like you know what you are saying, this is what the audience want to watch, someone who knows what they are talking about because that is what the news is for, accurate information.
At 0:05 you can see that Aisha is sat up straight talking to the camera, this is good because it allows the audience to feel more engaged as they get the feeling that they are being spoke to thanks to her sitting straight and facing the camera, if she was leaning to the side and was not sat up straight it would look like she isn't really interested in what she i saying, but by sitting up straight it allows her to have the image of what she is professional and knows how to deliver a conversation allowing the audience to take on what she says much more at ease.

Mode of Address To Viewer - At 0:05 when Aisha begins to start talking to the camera her tone of voice isn't angry, it is very calm and confident, this is good because it helps relate to the story, as she is talking about a royal baby being born this should give happy feelings to the audience as it is a baby being born and it is also a royal baby so a big moment, wish Aisha talking calmly and confidently to the camera it allows the audience to catch onto the feelings and get a certain feeling knowing that this is good news and not bad news.
At 0:14 you can see that Aisha doesn't take her eyes off the camera, this is good for the audience cause it keeps them engaged because when someone is speaking and you make eye contact with them, it is hard to stop listening, this is exactly what is wanted, we want the audience watching to listen to what Aisha is saying so that the audience can gain all the information that is being given to them.

Interviewing Experts & Witnesses - At 0:35 and 0:39 you can see that the shots that are being used are mid shots, this is good because it allows the audience to capture the facial expression and also the body language of the people being interviewed which is Mathew and Me, by doing this it allows the audience to capture our reactions and than they can get their own reactions from watching how we react, this also allows us to share our opinions on the matter and how we feel about them.
At 0:39 you can clearly see that we are outside a building, clearly we are not outside Buckingham Palace, but by doing a shot outside of people being interviewed it allows us to get the feeling that they are actually there capturing their live reactions on the situation, this allows the audience to believe the story even more as they would think we are on actual location of where the event is taking place.
At 0:35 and 0:39 the status of the interviewers are ordinary people sharing their opinions about the royal baby's name, by doing this it allows the audience at home to have their own opinion as we do show to completely different opinions, it allows the audience to feel freely how they feel about the name and not feel bad if they do not like the name.
Shown at 0:30 - 0:42 we can see that it says Royal Baby Named, this shows what the story is about and what is being spoke about, this allows the audience to understand what is going on and what the people interviewed are actually respond to, if you listen to what they are saying they are talking about what they think about the royal baby's name, and now if people tuned into the news and didn't understand who's name they were sharing their opinion on the graphics help because it says clearly Royal Baby Named, this helps the audience understand fully all the way through what is going on and doesn't lose there interest because they don't know what is happening.

Report Structure - At 0:15 Aisha tells us where the next shot is going to be and by doing this it allows the audience to understand where the next shot is and not wonder why the shot has just changed all of a sudden, she clearly says what is going to happen in the next shot and where it is taken place, allowing the audience to fully understand what is going on.
At the start of the show at 0:00 the graphics clearly show you what the show is and who it is being shown by going onto the news anchor who will round up what will be said in the rest of the story clearly, by doing this it allows the audience to understand what news channel it is, and in fact it is a news channel and also by Aisha telling the audience what is going to be the topic today it allows the audience to quickly decide if they are interested in the story or not instead of wasting their time.

Bad News Report -
Studio News Readers Or Anchors - At 0:09 we can see that Aisha is not dressed as you would see on the proper news channels, these makes her seem less professional and if she seems less professional this also makes her seem less believable as they have no idea who Aisha really is but the way she is shown might make people believe she is not a reliable source of information, this is not what the audience want, they want to get reliable information from a professional and by not receiving this, this could lose the audiences attention.
At 0:12 we can see that Aisha is not sat up straight and has her hands in her lap as if she is having a ordinary conversation, by doing this it shows that she isn't really interested in what she is saying and if she is not interested in what she is saying it also makes the audience lose interest in what she is saying, she is also leaning to the sides and leaning forwards a few times which is not professional when speaking about something important and this is what can make the difference in keeping the audiences attention and losing their attention.

Mode of Address To Viewer -At 0:08 we can hear Aisha talking to the camera and when she is talking she doesn't sound confident and by not sounding confident it makes the audience judge her on if she actually knows what she is talking about, if the audience have the feeling where they have to judge whether she knows what she is talking about or not than she is not doing the right thing, this can lose the audiences attention because she is not speaking with confidence and she also has long gaps when talking which could become boring and annoying for the audience, she needs to speak with confidence with a steady pace to keep the audience engaged and interested which she does not do in this clip.
At 0:10 you can see that Aisha does not keep eye contact, this is not good for the audience because if Aisha keeps looking away from the camera the audience feel like they are not being spoken to and if they are not being spoken to why should they pay attention to what she is saying? Therefore in order for Aisha to maintain the audience she needs to continue to make eye contact with the camera, doing this makes her seem like she is interested and cares about what she is saying as she is trying to deliver the information to the audience, by not having eye contact she is not delivering the information well to the audience.

Interviewing Experts & Witnesses - 1:03 we can see that the camera is clearly not using the rule of thirds, the camera is also slanted, just from this it is a horrible shot because the person who is being interviewed which is me is all the way at the bottom of the screen which means the camera is not focusing on me which could be confusing the audience meaning they have no idea what is going on and what i am talking about, which is pointless for the audience because if they have no idea on what is going than the news report is not doing its job properly.
The Location looks horrible as but normal in a way, it looks believable because they are asking a normal person on what they think about the baby's name but they place they have chosen is horrible because you can also see that the lighting is poor which can mess with the audiences eyes because they cannot see me clearly, the audience want to see the people who are being interviewed and if they can't see me because of the lighting than the location that was chosen is poor.
Status of the interviewee doesn't seem professional as he leans into the camera and says "HI Mum" this instantly shows an unprofessional status, this also indicates to the audience it is a normal person who just wants to be on camera, by doing this it wastes the audiences time and makes them feel angry that their time is being wasted as they are not hearing from a professional.
At 1:03 you can see the wrong graphics are being shown, this is a big mess up for a news channel as it shows they are not organised well and makes it seem very unprofessional, this makes the audience feel like the people running the shows are idiots for not getting the simple things right, and this could lose the audiences attention due to the show not being well organised.
The questioning technique isn't really well shown apart from when i am talking to the camera basically repeating the question, at this point the audience would already be confused on what is being said and they would just be thinking why am i watching this, none of it makes sense, so in order for the audience to understand what is going on it would be better if it had graphics telling the audience of what is going on or having the reporter asking the questions before hand than going to the clips of the responses allowing the audience to understand.


Report Structure -

Analysis of a news package

Michael Jackson 1- Field Reporter -

At 2:47 we can see the field reporter at the location of where the event has taken place, this gives the report a more realistic feel as we can see what is going on while keeping the audience focused on the news report. The field reporter is dressed smart, and what this does is it allows the audience to view the field reporter as someone who knows what is going on and what has happened therefore he is trustworthy and can take his word as true and not false, because if he was dressed casual, we most likely would lean towards what he is saying is false. The field reporter is just an observer as we can see from watching the clip, all he does is stand there and deliver the audience information, this is what the audience wants, they want to know what has happened and why it has happened. The choice of the presenter is a white male. At 2:47 again we can see his name and who he is working for, his name is Michael Okwu and he is working for NBC News, this is important because we want to know if the information is coming from a reliable place, and by knowing that he is working for the news this reassures this as we wouldn't believe someone for example someone working at a chicken shop.

Michael Jackson 1- Links to Studio - 

The link to studio is used best when you have a reporter out on location and they have to send it back to the studio, so you have the shot of the reporter out on location than you cut back to the person in the main studio which is shown at 3:56. We can tell this is live because in the top left corner at 1:43 is says live. The locations are in a safe place as this event wasn't a murder there is no one to fear so to be honest they could stand wherever they wanted and be safe due to no one having guns or knifes or such. The camera work is quite basic which is shown at 0:56 and 2:47, the camera just sits still while the reporters talk to the camera and feed the audience information, the only part where we see any difference in the camera work is at 1:49 where we can see the camera swaying, so from this we can guess that the camera is being used from a helicopter. News Package -

Michael Jackson 1- Mode of address to viewer -

Depending on the story the mode of address will be different for example if you had a story about a death it will be much more sadder but if the story is about something else like the royal baby than the presenter will be much more happier and say nicer things. The tone of voice at 0:32 and on-wards is serious, this is due to the story being related to someone big dying and because of this you would sound quite dis-trout and sad not happy and cheerful, therefore this makes the audience understand this situation is serious and not something to be overlooked in another way. The accent of the presenter is American, this relates to the story also because Michael Jackson was born in the United States and having the presenter who is American helps deliver the story better as they know much more on the story rather than someone who lives in the United Kingdom. The Language throughout the news report was quite complex-ed and by doing this it makes the situation feel more professional and when we hear people using big words it makes us think that they know a lot and we should listen to them as they are someone who knows what they are talking about and we can take their word for it. At 3:14 we have a fact of how Michael Jackson died confirming that he is dead but this is about the most of the facts we get throughout the whole news story, this is all the audience wanted to know, they wanted to see if Michael Jackson was alive or if he had passed away.

Interviewing Experts and Witnesses - 

Interviewing experts and Witnesses allows the audience to engage with what actually happened on the event of whatever took place, witnesses can tell you what they saw and this helps the audience gain a understanding of what actually happened. The camera techniques that are used are close ups and mid shots of the interviewee which is shown at 3:33, this allows us to view the interviewees facial expressions and body language, this is important as it allows the audience to gain a understanding of how they are expressing their feelings and answers and this makes the viewers more engaged to the show. The location here is actually in the main studio, the man being interviewed is being accused of Michael Jackson's murder so due to him being in the studio and not at his working place this means he is probably most likely not working at the moment due to the Michael Jackson case still undergo to see what actually happened, this allows the audience to see how serious this matter is if it stops the interviewee from working due to all the fingers being pointed at him for the murder. The status of the interviewee is actually Michael Jackson's doctor so he plays a huge role in the story as from we know he is being the one accused of murdering Michael Jackson, so without him the story wouldn't even happen due to him being the one accused of it, this allows the audience to get as much information about the story they need to actually understand what truly had happened. At 6:44 you can see graphics of the interviewee's name and what the story is about, this allows the audience to understand what the story is about and who is involved in the story. Throughout the interview we hear a lot of questions to get all the information out to the viewers watching at home allowing them to understand what is going on and why such as, what was the person doing and why did he give Michael Jackson all these drugs?

Michael Jackson 1- Report Structure - 

At 0:16 you get the introduction music with a voice over, over the graphics which tells us what news channel the story is being shown by (NBC NEWS) and who is the presenter is who will tell the audience more on the story (Brian Williams) this allows the audience to understand what they are watching and who will be telling them the story, is it a expert or someone else. At 3:38 we see archive footage of Michael Jackson through his career, this allows the audience to have a little more understanding about his background and if they never knew who he was it allows them to see who he was and how a grew throughout his career. We didn't really get interviews from strangers on the street asking them what happened but we got the information we needed from the field reporter at 2:47 who tells us what happened and how giving the audience the information they need. The facts are told through the reporters talking into the camera meaning it is told straight to the audience watching the news, by giving the facts across with close ups of the facial expressions of the reporters it allows the audience to feel the emotions of the facts and how serious they are. The Field reporter is said to be 3:54 said to be at a medical center which i would assume is close because a medical center would be the first place you take them if they are under the threat of death, this allows the audience to understand how serious the situation is if they reporter has to be near a medical center in a news report. Throughout the whole story the camera is always on the reporters and presenter where they are talking to the camera, the only time this doesn't happen is when there is archive footage and live footage from the helicopter for example at 0:40 his eyes are glued to the camera talking into it, this gives the audience a feeling that they are being talked to individually making them pay more attention to what is being said in the story. At the end of the clip at 8:24 you can hear the presenter saying we will be talking more about this... this allows the audience to understand that the next time the news broadcast is on they will be talking about the death of Michael Jackson allowing them to be ready to listen to the fulls news report on the story next time they tune in. At 1:52 we can see live footage of what is going on down below from a helicopter outside the studio with police cars on the street, this allows the audience to view the actual sight of the situation and how big this situation really is because someone is dead with police covering the streets. Actually throughout this news report we don't really see any noddies as we get a cut to the next reporter shown at 2:37.

Russia + Ukraine Actuality Footage -

We get footage at 1:28 of where people who live there got this on tape of Russian troops taking over places, this allows the audience to see what is actually going on and how serious the matter is. The reason for using this actuality footage is because it allows the audience to see how it is affecting the people who live in the areas of where this is taken place and to show them how dangerous it is. Only a small amount is shown throughout this clip but from the clips that we do see at 1:28 it is clear that the environment of where this is taken place from is not safe if Russian troops are walking in and harassing the innocent. During this clip you hear voice overs and graphics of what is going on, by doing this it allows the viewers to fully understand what is going on while visually seeing it, this helps the audience gain a better understanding but also actually seeing it as some people might disbelieve what is going on if they don't see any visuals or proof given.

Russia + Ukraine Field Reporter - 

At 0:20 we can see the field reporter on the right who is standing talking to the camera, the way he is dressed is most likely due to the cold from the location of which he is at which is at Simferopol, Ukraine which is shown by the graphics above his head, this allows the audience to believe the field reporter as they know that he is there on location, not just due to the fact that he is standing in front of the troops in the background shown at 0:47 but because he is dressed due to the cold, this proves to the audience that he is not somewhere hot like Spain. From what we see at 0:47 we can see that he is actually out there but is he actually involved? No, all he is doing is feeding the audience information about what is going on, so in fact he is not a major part of the story but just a reporter who feeds us information to help us get a better understanding of what is going on. At 2:16 we can clearly see that the reporter is a white male local to the news report. Graphics are shown throughout the whole field reporters information speech such as 2:16, the graphics just tell us what is going on and the field reporter is telling us about it and developing the story to the people watching at home which for the audience allows them to get all the information they need to know and keep up to date with what is going on with Ukraine.

Russia + Ukraine Links to Studio - 

At 0:20 thanks to the awkward pause we can tell that it is live, this allows the audience to tune into something that has not been recorded to be perfect so whatever is said will most likely be facts and this is what the audience want to hear. At 2:24 you can see both parties are at safe ends, the left side with the presenter is in the studio somewhere where it is safe and the field reporter on the right is somewhere safe as well as we see no troops or hear any explosions or shots fired. The camera language is basic, throughout the news report it is really just sat still and spoken to by the field reporter and presenters, nothing advanced going on in the news report, and this is good for the audience as they don't need all the fancy camera work for a news report, they watch the news just for the news and the news has nothing to do with fancy camera work unless something on screen such as shootings is happening which is not.

Russia + Ukraine Mode of Address to Viewer -

The tone of voice chosen by the reporters is quite serious as the event itself could lead to a war between to countries which is no joke as peoples lives could be at stake, so by keeping a serious tone such as at 0:52 it allows the audience to actually understand how bad the situation is. The language is quite big, and by this i mean using big words, by doing this it automatically makes you think that this person knows what he is talking about and i should believe him as he is using all these big words, and this is what they want you to do, they want the audience to believe what they are saying so that they seem like a reliable source of information and this helps them build up an audience for all the upcoming stories that are yet to be told. At 0:27 he is getting straight into facts telling us information of what is going on such as Russian troops applying pressure, by telling facts this allows the audience to gain information about the situation and allow them to believe the reporter as they are facts and not opinions, giving facts to the audience is important as this is what the audience tune in for, they want to hear about what is going on with Ukraine and Russia, so the reporter must state facts to keep the viewers interested on the story.

Russia + Ukraine Interviewing Experts and Witnesses - 

The camera technique shown at 1:56 is a mid shot, this allows us to see the body language and facial expression of the person being interviewed, by showing the facial expression on camera it allows them to express their feelings to the camera and the audience, allowing the audience to see this it means the audience at home can see how the people living in Ukraine feel about the situation. At 1:56 we can see that they are on the streets of Ukraine with a lot of people around, so by interviewing one of these people it allows us to get their view of opinion, by doing this it allows the audience to understand another side of the story coming straight from someone who is affected by it. The interviewee lives in the country and same as everyone else who lives there, they are all affected so like i said above, getting their opinion on the matter is important as it allows the story to widen up and allows the audience at home to get a better insight on the story. The graphics shown on screen are at 1:56 - 2:05 where it tells you what is going on and what the story is about, by leaving these graphics up while the interviewer is talking it allows us to understand what they are talking about without the interviewer asking any questions. It is a short interview but it tells us how the people living there are affected and what they want, this is important again because we get a better insight on the situation and how they are living over there where war could break loose. The witness is at the event because this is happening all over the country, everyone there is involved so it allows us to understand what is truly happening rather than going by opinions, if you interview someone who is actually affected by it you can get their side of the story with there emotions and how they feel about it.

Russia + Ukraine Report Structure - 

Straight away at 0:00 the presenter gets straight into the story telling us what it is about and what is going to happen, this allows the audience watching at home to understand what they are about to watch and why it is all happening, giving the audience at home information they would not hear anywhere else. Archive footage shown at 0:59 allows the audience to view what is going on between Russia and Ukraine and how both countries are affected and with seeing them geared up and such this makes the audience feel like something big is going to happen which allows them to continue watching as it has caught their eye. The facts are given across the reporters who talk to the camera which allows the audience to feel like they are being spoke to by the reporters and also by giving diagrams shown at 1:34 which allows the audience to visually see what is going on and this is important, by giving the audience visual facts while talking with voice overs giving information it allows the audience to gather more information at once rather than just seeing some graphics pop up and having to guess what is going on. Show at 0:32 the reporter is talking to the camera, by doing this is makes the audience feel like they are being spoke to individually and by doing this it makes the audience feel responsible and makes them listen to the story having them feel more interested in the story making them continue watching on. At 4:33 the news report ends and they tell you what is coming up next on the show, this allows the audience to understand what the next story is about and not to keep them waiting if its a story they don't want to see. At 0:29 we can see that the reporter is clearly not in the studio telling us the information but actually outside where the even is taking place, this helps the audience understand more about the story as we can see what it is like over there and what is going on seeing close ups rather than analyzing from a studio on the opposite side of the world.